The Oral Manifestations of Autoimmune Diseases
1. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

SLE is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting multiple organ systems. Oral manifestations are common and include:
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Oral Ulcers: Painful sores that can appear on the lips, cheeks, and palate.
Gingival Inflammation: Increased susceptibility to gum diseases like gingivitis and periodontitis.
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A systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that patients with SLE have a significantly higher risk of developing periodontitis compared to healthy individuals .
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2. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

RA primarily affects joints but also has notable oral health implications:
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Periodontal Disease: Chronic inflammation in RA can exacerbate gum diseases.
Tooth Loss: Studies indicate a higher prevalence of early tooth loss in RA patients .
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The shared inflammatory pathways between RA and periodontal disease suggest a bidirectional relationship, where each condition can influence the other.

3. Sjögren’s Syndrome

This autoimmune disorder targets the salivary glands, leading to:
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Dry Mouth (Xerostomia): Reduced saliva production increases the risk of cavities and oral infections.
Difficulty in Speaking and Swallowing: Saliva plays a crucial role in these functions, and its absence can lead to discomfort.
The lack of saliva compromises the mouth's natural defense mechanisms, making it more susceptible to bacterial growth and decay .
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4. Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)

AS is a form of arthritis that primarily affects the spine but also has oral health implications:
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Gum Disease: Patients with AS have a higher risk of developing periodontitis.
Oral Ulcers: Commonly reported in AS patients, possibly due to the disease itself or medications used in treatment .
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Bridging the Gap: Collaborative Care
Understanding the connection between autoimmune diseases and oral health necessitates a collaborative approach:

For Healthcare Professionals: Regular dental check-ups should be recommended for patients with autoimmune conditions. Early detection and management of oral manifestations can prevent complications.
For Patients: Being proactive about oral hygiene and reporting any unusual symptoms to both medical and dental professionals is crucial.
Conclusion
The mouth often mirrors the body's internal health. Autoimmune diseases, with their systemic nature, can manifest prominently in the oral cavity. Recognizing and addressing these signs early can significantly improve quality of life and overall health outcomes.

At Prakash Dental, we emphasize the importance of integrated care, ensuring that oral health is not overlooked in the broader context of systemic diseases.